Fordyce spots, scientifically referred to as Fordyce granules or ectopic sebaceous glands, represent a variant of normal sebaceous glands. These non-pathogenic entities can be visually identified as minute, elevated, pale or pigmented papules appearing on the skin’s surface.
Popping or squeezing them is not recommended, as it does not cause them to go away but may irritate them, cause inflammation, and potentially lead to infection, which could worsen the condition.
There are a few dermatological treatments available. The best option is using the 2mm beam of the CO2 laser to evaporate the tiny yellow glands. This is the most effective treatment with the least chance of scarring when performed by experienced hands. Cryotherapy, which involves freezing the spots with substances like liquid nitrogen, can also destroy them. Cryotherapy can potentially lead to pigment loss and white spots. Another option is the application of topical trichloracetic acid (TCA). TCA treatments have a high risk of scarring.
Fordyce spots are small, slightly raised, yellowish or white bumps that are enlarged oil glands appearing on hairless areas of the skin, such as the inside of the cheeks, the edges of the lips, and the genital area. They are considered harmless, and painless, and are not associated with any diseases or cancers.
The exact cause of Fordyce spots is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from a combination of biological and environmental factors that cause an overgrowth of sebaceous glands. Common risk factors for developing Fordyce spots include oily skin, post-pubertal age, being male, dyslipidemia, and certain types of colorectal cancer.
Common locations for Fordyce spots include the edges of the lips, inside the mouth or cheeks, on the genitals, such as the penis, vulva, or vagina. They can also occur on the nipples of the breasts. They are more visible in areas where the skin stretches and are present in around 80% of adults.
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